Publications

Selected research publications in spintronics and applied physics.

  1. L. L. Liu, P. A. Dananjaya, E. K. Koh, F. N. Tan, Z. Chen, G. J. Lim, C. X. X. Lee, J.-L. Yang, and W. S. Lew*, "CMOS-Compatible Protonic Three-Terminal Memristor for Analog Synapse in Neuromorphic Computing", Small Methods, 10, 2, 2500445 (2026)
  2. S. Wu, G. J. Lim, F. N. Tan, T. L. Jin, C. C. I. Ang, S. H. Lee, K. J. Cheng, and W. S. Lew*, "Enhancement of Spin-Orbit Torque in Sputtered BiSb-based Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Neuromorphic Computing Applications", Applied Physics Letters, 127, 132407 (2025)
  3. S. Wu, G. J. Lim, F. N. Tan, T. L. Jin, C. C. I. Ang, E. K. Koh, S. H. Lee, K. J. Cheng, and W. S. Lew*, "Voltage-modulated magnetic properties and enhanced thermal endurance in Ta/Mo-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 629, 173293 (2025)
  4. T. L. Jin, B. Zhang, E. K. Koh, F. N. Tan, C. X. X. Lee, Z. Chen, G. J. Lim, Z. Chen, K. M. Cai, J. W. Cao*, and W. S. Lew*, "Spin-orbit torque driven two-terminal giant magnetoresistance memristive device for scalable in-memory computing", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 17, 36203 (2025)
  5. L. L. Liu, P. A. Dananjaya, E. K. Koh, F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, C. X. X. Lee, J.-L. Yang, and W. S. Lew*, "CMOS-Compatible Protonic Three-Terminal Memristor for Analog Synapse in Neuromorphic Computing", Small Methods, 2500445 (2025)
  6. T. L. Jin, Y. L. Zhu, S. M. Li, B. Zhang, F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, J. W. Cao, K. M. Cai, and W. S. Lew*, "Generation of High and Bidirectional Out-of-Plane Spin-Orbit Torque through Vertical Magnetization Gradient", Applied Physics Letters, 126, 132401 (2025)
  7. Z. Chen, G. J. Lim, C. C. I. Ang, T. L. Jin, F. N. Tan, B. W. H. Cheng, and W. S. Lew*, "Voltage-Controlled Half Adder Via Magnonic Inverse Design", Applied Physics Letters, 126, 132406 (2025)
  8. S. H. Lee, C. C. I. Ang, H. Y. Poh, G. J. Lim, T. L. Jin, W. B. Yi, and W. S. Lew*, "Complementary interactions of orbital momentum and topological spin states in ferromagnet/Cu/Bi0.85Sb0.15 structures", Physical Review Applied, 23, 054003 (2025)
  9. S. H. Lee, C. C. I. Ang, H. Y. Poh, G. J. Lim, T. L. Jin, W. B. Yi, and W. S. Lew*, "Complementary interactions of orbital momentum and topological spin states in ferromagnet/Cu/Bi0.85Sb0.15 structures", Physical Review Applied, 23, 054003 (2025)
  10. E. K. Koh, P. A. Dananjaya, L. L. Liu, X. X. C. Lee, G. J. Lim, Y. S. You, and W. S. Lew, "Leveraging Tunability of Localized-Interfacial Memristors for Efficient Handling of Complex Neural Networks", ACS Nano, 18, 29602 (2024)
  11. G. J. Lim and W. S. Lew, "Bridging Academia and Industry for the Future of Spintronics", Nature Review Electrical Engineering, 1, 692 (2024)
  12. S. Wu, T. L. Jin, C. C. I. Ang, G. J. Lim, B. W. H. Cheng, Z. Chen, and W. S. Lew, "Electric Field Control of Spin-Orbit Torque in Annealed Ta/CoFeB/HfOx Heterostructures via Interfacial Oxidation Modulation", Nanotechnology, 35, 365205 (2024)
  13. T. L. Jin, B. Zhang, F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, Z. Chen, J. Cao, and W. S. Lew, "Granular Magnetization Switching in Pt/Co/Ti Structure with HfOx Insertion for In-Memory Computing Applications", Nano Letters, 24, 5521 (2024)
  14. L. L. Liu, P. A. Dananjaya, C. C. I. Ang, E. K. Koh, G. J. Lim, H. Y. Poh, M. Y. Chee, X. X. C. Lee, W. S. Lew, "A bi-functional three-terminal memristor applicable as an artificial synapse and neuron", Nanoscale, 15, 17076 (2023)
  15. J. M. Ang, P. A. Dananjaya, C. C. I. Ang, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Strain-induced Degradation and Recovery of Flexible NbOx-based Threshold Switching Device", Scientific Reports, 13, 16000 (2023)
  16. P. K. Zhou, H. L. Yu, W. G. Huang, M. Y. Chee, T. Zeng, G. J. Lim, W. S. Lew, and X. Chen, "Photo-Electric Multilevel Memory Device Based on Covalent Organic Polymer Film with Keto-Enol Tautomerism for Harsh Environments Applications", Advanced Functional Materials, 2306593 (2023)
  17. X. X. C. Lee, P. A. Dananjaya, M. Y. Chee, H. Y. Poh, F. N. Tan, J. R. Thong, L. L. Liu, G. J. Lim, Y. M. Du, J. B. Tan, and W. S. Lew, "Influence of Co-Cu Electrode Composition on the Galvanic-induced Resistive Switching Behaviour of Ta2O5-based CBRAM", Applied Physics Letters, 123, 133504 (2023)
  18. M. Y. Chee, P. A. Dananjaya, G. J. Lim, X. X. C. Lee, L. L. Liu, W. S. Lew, "The impact of oxygen vacancy defect density on the nonlinearity and short-term plasticity of TiO2-based exponential selector", Nanotechnology, 34, 365201 (2023)
  19. S. Wu, T. L. Jin, F. N. Tan, C. C. I. Ang, H. Y. Poh, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Enhancement of spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co/HfOx heterostructures with voltage-controlled oxygen ion migration", Applied Physics Letters, 122, 122403 (2023)
  20. B. Coester, G. J. Lim, F. N. Tan, H. Y. Poh, and W. S. Lew, "Investigation of spin-orbit torque performance with W/Cu-multilayers as spin current source", Journal of Applied Physics, 133, 223904 (2023)
  21. L. L. Liu, P. A. Dananjaya, M. Y. Chee, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Protons-assisted Redox-based Three-terminal RRAM for Synaptic Device Applications", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15, 29287 (2023)
  22. H. Y. Poh, C. C. I. Ang, G. J. Lim, T. L. Jin, S. H. Lee, E. K. Koh, F. Poh, and W. S. Lew, "Crystallinity control of topological insulator BiSb(012) via interfacial engineering for spin orbit torque enhancement", Physical Review Applied, 19, 034012 (2023)
  23. J. M. Ang, P. A. Dananjaya, S. C. W. Chow, G. J. Lim, C. S. Seet, and W. S. Lew, "Enhancement of Temperature-Modulated NbO2-Based Relaxation Oscillator via Interfacial and Bulk Treatment", Nanotechnology, 34, 185202 (2023)
  24. M. Y. Chee, P. A. Dananjaya, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Frequency-dependent synapse weight tuning in 1S1R with short-term plasticity TiOx-based exponential selector", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14, 31, 35959 (2022)
  25. H. Y. Poh, C. C. I. Ang, T. L. Jin, F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Continuous film characterisation of Spin Orbit Torque using Four Probe Measurement", Applied Physics Letters, 121, 012405 (2022)
  26. Shakti P. Padhy, T. Zviad, V. Chaudhary, G. J. Lim, X. Tan, W. S. Lew, and R. V. Ramanujan, "Rapid Multi-Property Assessment of Compositionally Modulated Fe-Co-Ni Thin Film Material Libraries", Results in Materials, 14, 100283 (2022)
  27. A. Zhou, C. Xu, P. Kanitthamniyom, C. S. X. Ng, G. J. Lim, W. S. Lew, S. Vasoo, X. Zhang, G. Z. Lum, and Y. Zhang, "Magnetic Soft Millirobots 3D-Printed by Circulating Vat Photopolymerization to Manipulate Droplets Containing Hazardous Agents for In Vitro Diagnostic", Advanced Materials, 2200061 (2022)
  28. T. L. Jin, G. J. Lim, H. Y. Poh, S. Wu, F. N. Tan, and W. S. Lew, "Spin reflection induced field-free magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized MgO/Pt/Co heterostructures", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14, 7, 9781 (2022)
  29. H. Y. Poh, C. C. I. Ang, W. L. Gan, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Direct spin accumulation quantification in ferromagnetic heterostructures using DC bias harmonic Hall measurement", Physical Review B, 104, 224416 (2021)
  30. A. Kumar, R. Sharma, K. I. A. Khan; C. Murapaka, G. J. Lim, W. S. Lew, D. Chaudhary, P. K. Muduli, "Large damping-like spin-orbit torque and improved device performance utilizing mixed-phase Ta", ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 3, 3139 (2021)
  31. T. L. Jin, W. C. Law, D. Kumar, F. Luo, Q. Y. Wong, G. J. Lim, X. Wang, W. S. Lew, and S. N. Piramanayagam, "Enhanced Spin‒Orbit Torque Efficiency in Pt/Co/Ho Heterostructures Via Inserting Ho Layer", APL Materials, 8, 111111 (2020)
  32. G. J. Lim, W. L. Gan, and W. S. Lew, "Effect of Seed and Interlayer Pt on Sot in Co/Pt Multilayers", Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 53, 505002 (2020)
  33. G. J. Lim, W. L. Gan, W. C. Law, C. Murapaka, and W. S. Lew, "Spin-Orbit Torque Driven Analogue-Like Behaviour in Co/Pt Hall Cross Structures at Elevated Temperatures", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 514, 167201 (2020)
  34. G. J. Lim, D. Chua, W. L. Gan, C. Murapaka, and W. S. Lew, "Programmable Spin-Orbit Torque Logic Device with Integrated Bipolar Bias Field for Chirality Control", Advanced Electronic Materials, 1901090 (2020)
  35. F. L. Luo, Q. Y. Wong, S. H. Li, F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, X. Wang, and W. S. Lew, "Dependence of Spin-Orbit Torque Effective Fields on Magnetization Uniformity in Ta/Co/Pt Structure", Scientific Reports, 9, 10776 (2019)
  36. F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, T. L. Jin, H. X. Liu, F. Poh, and W. S. Lew, "Electric Field Control on Single and Double Pt/Co Heterostructure For Enhanced Thermal Stability", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 490, 165448 (2019)
  37. Q. Y. Wong, C. Murapaka, W. C. Law, W. L. Gan, G. J. Lim, W. S. Lew, "Enhanced Spin-orbit Torques in Rare Earth Pt/[CoNi]2/Co/Tb systems", Physical Review Applied, 11, 024057 (2019)
  38. S. Krishnia, C. Murapaka, P. Sethi, W. L. Gan, Q. Y. Wong, G. J. Lim, W. S. Lew, "Current-Induced Spin-Orbit Effective Field Modulations in Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Structures", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 475, 327–333 (2018)
  39. S. H. Li, G. J. Lim, W. L. Gan, W. C. Law, F. N. Tan, and W. S. Lew, "Tuning the Spin-Orbit Torque Effective Fields by Varying Pt Insertion Layer Thickness in Perpendicularly Magnetized Pt/Co/Pt(t)/Ta Structures", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 473, 394–398 (2018)
  40. F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, W. C. Law, F. L. Luo, H. X. Liu, F. Poh, D. Shum, and W. S. Lew, "Electric Field Control on Gated Pt/Co/SiO2 Heterostructure with Insulating Polymer", Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 51, 365001 (2018)
  41. Q. Y. Wong, W. L. Gan, F. L. Luo, G. J. Lim, C. C. I. Ang, F. N. Tan, W. C. Law, W. S. Lew, "In-Situ Kerr Harmonic Measurement in Determining Current-Induced Effective Fields in MgO/CoFeB/Ta", Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 51, 115004 (2018)
  42. M. Ramu, S. Goolaup, S. Krishnia, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Spin Orbit Torque Induced Asymmetric Depinning of Chiral Néel Domain Wall in Co/Ni Heterostructures", Applied Physics Letters, 110, 162402 (2017)
  43. F. L. Luo, S. Goolaup, S. H. Li, G. J. Lim, F. N. Tan, C. Engel, S. F. Zhang, F. Ma, T. Zhou, and W. S. Lew, "Characterizing the Spin Orbit Torque Field-Like Term in In-Plane Magnetic System Using Transverse Field", Journal of Applied Physics, 120, 083908 (2016)
  44. D. W. Wong, I. Purnama, G. J. Lim, W. L. Gan, C. Murapaka, and W. S. Lew, "Current Induced Three-Dimensional Domain Wall Propagation in Cylindrical NiFe Nanowires", Journal of Applied Physics, 119, 153902 (2016)
  45. S. F. Zhang, W. L. Gan, J. Kwon, F. L. Luo, G. J. Lim, J. B. Wang, and W. S. Lew, "Highly Efficient Domain Walls Injection in Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Memory Devices", Scientific Reports, 6, 24804 (2016)
  46. P. S. (P.) Sethi, M. Chandra Sekhar, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "In-Plane Current Induced Domain Wall Nucleation and Its Stochasticity in Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Hall Cross Structures", Applied Physics Letters, 107, 192401 (2015)
  47. J. Kwon, S. Goolaup, G. J. Lim, I. S. Kerk, C. H. Chang, K. Roy, W. S. Lew, "Low Field Domain Wall Dynamics in Artificial Spin-Ice Basis Structure", Journal of Applied Physics, 118, 163907 (2015)
  48. I. Purnama, I. S. Kerk, G. J. Lim, and W. S. Lew, "Coupled Néel Domain Wall Motion in Sandwiched Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Nanowires", Scientific Reports, 5, 8754 (2015)